Most ball valves are floating. Float ball valves are the most commonly used valve type in industrial piping systems. These float valves are designed so that when the seat starts to wear, the pressure created by the media flowing through the float valve will force the ball against the downstream seat to maintain a tight seal. Float ball valves are supported by a cup-shaped seat that creates a tight seal between the body and the ball. The ball itself is suspended in the medium it is conditioned and held in place by the cup base, which is usually made of thermoplastic. These seats create a tight seal between the ball and body. Float ball valves are able to provide bi-directional sealing, which means the ball can move freely to stop media flow in either direction. Lightweight, economical and versatile, this type of valve is widely used in oil, gas, water, steam and petrochemical applications.

 

Float ball valves are operated by a shaft, or stem, attached to the top of the ball that turns it 90 degrees (a quarter turn). As the ball rotates, the port is covered or uncovered by the wall of the valve body, either releasing or halting the flow of media. The stem is attached loosely enough to the ball that, as the ball rotates on its axis, the pressure of the flow pushes the ball against its downstream seat, creating a tight seal. For this reason, float ball valves may not seal as effectively in very low pressure applications after a certain amount of seat wear has occurred. This is because there may not be enough media pressure to force the ball against the downstream seat to create a tight seal. However, in most applications downstream pressure is sufficient to maintain a tight seal long after the seats have begun to wear.

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